Bow-tie holes-aided elliptical-core polarization-maintaining fiber with high birefringence

Abstract

We present a Bow-tie holes-aided elliptical-core polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) comprised of an outer elliptical-core, with three circular holes of silica material inside it, and two symmetrical Bow-tie stress-applying parts (SAPs), creating a fiber with a superior polarization-maintaining ability by superimposing geometric birefringence on the stress birefringence. The overall modal birefringence of this exceptional fiber design is capable of as high as 8.54 × 10-4 at a wavelength of 1.55 µm, corresponding to an almost onefold increase compared to a conventional Panda-type PMF. The other significant attribute of the PMF, effective mode area, is also evaluated comprehensively over wavelengths ranging from 1.25 µm to 2.05 µm. Furthermore, we also discuss the sensitivity of the modal properties to fluctuations in the structural parameters of the fiber during the fabrication process to demonstrate that the design has excellent tolerance to deviations in practical fabrication. In summary, the PMF with fine modal properties proposed in this study is a promising candidate for widespread use in high-precision fiber-optic sensors and fiber communication systems.