Abstract
We present a new result, based on a global MHD simulation model, that the bow shock contributes significantly to the region 1 field‐aligned current (FAC) under strong southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. More than 50 percent of the total region 1 FAC may originate from the bow shock in certain circumstances. Stronger southward interplanetary magnetic field, higher solar wind speed, or larger ionospheric Pedersen conductance, leads to greater contribution from the bow shock to the region 1 current. This new result quantifies the interaction between the bow shock and the ionosphere through the region 1 current. The methodology presented in the present paper should be applicable to quantify the bow shock contributions to the substorms through the region 1 current, as well as to the magnetic storms through the ring current and the region 2 current, leading to understanding the space weather as magnetic storms in the solar‐terrestrial environment.
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