Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major contributor to respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. Traditionally, BRSV infection is detected based on non-specific clinical signs, followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the results of which can take days to obtain. Near-infrared aquaphotomics evaluation based on biochemical information from biofluids has the potential to support the rapid identification of BRSV infection in the field. This study evaluated NIR spectra (n = 240) of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from dairy calves (n = 5) undergoing a controlled infection with BRSV. Changes in the organization of the aqueous phase of EBC during the baseline (pre-infection) and infected (post-infection and clinically abnormal) stages were found in the WAMACS (water matrix coordinates) C1, C5, C9, and C11, likely associated with volatile and non-volatile compounds in EBC. The discrimination of these chemical profiles by PCA-LDA models differentiated samples collected during the baseline and infected stages with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity >93% in both the calibration and validation. Thus, biochemical changes occurring during BRSV infection can be detected and evaluated with NIR-aquaphotomics in EBC. These findings form the foundation for developing an innovative, non-invasive, and in-field diagnostic tool to identify BRSV infection in cattle.
Highlights
Accepted: 13 January 2022Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an enveloped, non-segmented, negativestranded RNA virus that belongs to the order Mononegavirales
The aquaphotomic analysis for NIR spectral signatures collected for breath condensate from dairy calves infected with BRSV revealed a consistent and expected spectral water pattern in the wavelength range between 1300 and 1600 nm (Figure 2a)
Percentages of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 97 ± 6, 98 ± 4, and 96 ± 9%, respectively, were achieved, indicating that 2 ± 4% of the transformed absorbance from samples of the infected stage were classified as false negatives, and 4 ± 9% of the transformed absorbance from samples of the baseline stage were classified as false positives
Summary
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an enveloped, non-segmented, negativestranded RNA virus that belongs to the order Mononegavirales. It is a member of the pneumovirus genus within the Pneumovirinae subfamily of the Paramyxoviridae family [1,2]. The BRSV virion is made up of a lipid envelope generated from the host plasma membrane; it contains three virally encoded transmembrane surface glycoproteins that are arranged independently on the surface as spikes. These glycoproteins are the large glycoprotein G, the fusion protein F, and the small hydrophobic protein SH [1,2]. It is critical to design new ways to prevent the spread of the primary causes of infection by this complex, which
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