Abstract

A proliferative cauliflower lesion was excised from the udder of a sheep. Histological investigation confirmed the macroscopic classification of the lesion as a papilloma, without any fibroblastic proliferation. PCR revealed the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV), which was further confirmed by the identification of a Deltapapillomavirus 4 by Next Generation Sequencing analysis. This was subsequently classified as bovine papillomavirus type 1. Negative staining electron microscopy (EM) analyses produced negative test results for papillomavirus particles. RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) confirmed the presence of BPV-1. The results further confirm the ability of BPVs belonging to the Deltapapillomavirus genus to infect distantly related species and to cause lesions that are different from sarcoids.

Highlights

  • Papillomaviruses (PVs) are the only members of the family Papillomaviridae

  • bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-2 has been detected in sheep warts from Brazil [13]; BPV-1, -2 and and BPV-13 DNA and E5 oncoprotein have been documented to be expressed in congenital lesions

  • The tumor was composed of connective tissue, covered by a hyperplastic

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Summary

Introduction

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are the only members of the family Papillomaviridae. Classification in genera, species and types is based on the most conserved L1 gene, which encodes for the major capsid protein. The BPV infection in distantly related hosts is considered abortive [9,10,11,12], meaning that the productive cycle of the virus is not complete, BPV exists episomally and no mature virions can be demonstrated or observed by electron microscopy. Recent findings have demonstrated that sheep are permissive hosts for BPVs. have been detected in the blood of healthy sheep from Sardinia and Campania [14,15]; while BPV-2. -13 have been detected in the blood of healthy sheep from Sardinia and Campania [14,15]; while BPV-2 on lambs in a flock in Sardinia, in the form of proliferative tissues in the gingiva and oral mucosa and BPV-13 DNA and E5 oncoprotein have been documented to be expressed in congenital lesions on [15].

Histopathology
Discussion
Sample
In Situ
Negative Staining Electron Microscopy
DNA Amplification and PCR
NGS Analysis

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