Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides and Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modulate the Gut Microbiota Composition and Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations in a Preclinical Neonatal Model.

Mei Wang,Jonas Hauser,Jian Yan,Ryan N Dilger,Sharon M Donovan,Marcia H Monaco

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9050884

Mei Wang, Jonas Hauser + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050884

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Abstract

Milk oligosaccharides (OS) shape microbiome structure and function, but their relative abundances differ between species. Herein, the impact of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) (2′-fucosyllactose [2′FL] and lacto-N-neotetraose [LNnT]) and OS isolated from bovine milk (BMOS) on microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in ascending colon (AC) contents and feces was assessed. Intact male piglets received diets either containing 6.5 g/L BMOS (n = 12), 1.0 g/L 2′FL + 0.5 g/L LNnT (HMO; n = 12), both (HMO + BMOS; n = 10), or neither (CON; n = 10) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 34. Microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and real-time PCR, and VFA were measured by gas chromatography. The microbiota was affected by OS in an intestine region-specific manner. BMOS reduced (p < 0.05) microbial richness in the AC, microbiota composition in the AC and feces, and acetate concentrations in AC, regardless of HMO presence. HMO alone did not affect overall microbial composition, but increased (p < 0.05) the relative proportion of specific taxa, including Blautia, compared to other groups. Bacteroides abundance was increased (p < 0.05) in the AC by BMOS and synergistically by BMOS + HMO in the feces. Distinct effects of HMO and BMOS suggest complementary and sometimes synergistic benefits of supplementing a complex mixture of OS to formula.

Highlights

human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) supplementation had no effect on ascending colon (AC) or fecal Dry matter (DM) and pH (Table 1; p-values for HMO > 0.05)
The addition of bovine milk derived oligosaccharides (BMOS) to the diets increased the acetate concentrations in AC regardless of the presence of HMO (p = 0.0473)
Fecal acetate concentration was highest in HMO + BMOS and CON, intermediate in BMOS and lowest in HMO piglets, while butyrate concentrations were highest in HMO + BMOS, intermediate in CON and highestand in HMO

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Breastfeeding is the recommended form of feeding human infants and is associated with both short- and long-term health benefits [1,2]. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics for the first 6 months of life [3]; only 25%. Of American infants meet this recommendation [4]. 75% of babies in the U.S are either exclusively formula-fed or are receiving both human milk (HM) and infant formula by 6 months of age [4]. Adapting infant formula composition to more closely resemble to composition of HM has been an active area of on-going research [5]

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