Bovine mastitis in northeastern Brazil: Occurrence of emergent bacteria and their phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify emergent pathogens associated with bovine mastitis in northeastern Brazil and to characterize them for phenotypic and genotypic resistance to antimicrobials. A total of 321 milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were collected, and the isolates obtained in culture were identified using matrix-associated laser desorption-ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance tests were performed. We identified 72 bacteria considered emergent in the study region: Enterococcus faecalis (26.3%; 19/72), Streptococcus agalactiae (22.2%; 16/72), Enterococcus faecium (20.0%; 15/72), Escherichia coli (6.9%; 5/72), 6.9% (5/72) Lactococcus garvieae (6.9%; 5/72), Acinetobacter baumannii (5.5%; 4/72), Bacillus subtilis (1.3%; 1/72), Kocuria marina (1.3%; 1/72), Macrococcus caseolyticus (1.3%; 1/72), Microbacterium resistens (1.3%; 1/72), Micrococcus luteus (1.3%; 1/72), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.3%; 1/72), Streptococcus hyovaginalis (1.3%; 1/72) and Streptococcus pluranimalium (1.3%; 1/72). The antibiogram revealed the following resistance profiles: ampicillin (77.7%; 56/72), cefoxitin (69.4%; 50/72), erythromycin (61.1%; 44/72), oxacillin (63.8%; 46/72), penicillin (79.1%; 57/72), tetracycline (63.8%; 46/72), gentamicin (25.0%; 18/72), and vancomycin (20.8%; 15/72). Of the isolates, 83.4% (60/72) showed multiple resistance to antimicrobials. The tetM gene was identified in 43.0% (31/72) of the isolates, followed by tetL (31.9%; 23/72), and blaZ (26.3%; 19/72). 83.4% (60/72) of the isolates presented a multiple antimicrobial resistance index higher than 0,2. Emergent bacteria with zoonotic and multiresistant potential occur in cows with mastitis in northeastern Brazil. It is necessary to monitor the occurrence of these and other bacteria in livestock environments and develop control strategies to prevent their spread.