Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease which is also a major complication of bone defects. This study aims to determine the effect of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-based bone implants with gentamicin as an antibiotic (BHA-GEL-GEN implant) on the regeneration of bone defects in vivo. The BHA-GEL-GEN and BHA-GEL implants were made by direct compression. In vivo study was carried out with Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: negative control, BHA-GEL implant, and BHA-GEL-GEN implants. The defect model used was the burr hole defect model with diameter 2.2 mm and 2 mm deep. After 2, 7, 14, and 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. Bone integrity was carried out using X-ray radiography. Radiological examination was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical techniques with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) antibodies. Based on the radiograph, the implanted group had accelerated bone growth in the defect area. Semiquantitative data from HE staining showed that the implanted group had accelerated migration of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in the defect area. The immunoreactive score showed that the BHA-GEL-GEN group had higher VEGF expression compared to two other groups. The three groups did not provide a significant difference in ALP expression. In conclusion, the BHA-GEL-GEN implant causes accelerated bone defects repair by accelerating tissue vascularity and does not interfere with the bone remodeling process. Therefore, the BHA-GEL-GEN implant is potentially a biomedical material for osteomyelitis therapy.
Highlights
Osteomyelitis is a major complication of various bone pathological conditions, such as fractures and total joint arthroplasty [1]
An incision is made in the femur until the bone is visible. en, drilling was carried out on the distal part of the femur with a defect of 2.2 mm in diameter and a depth of about 2 mm. e treatment in mice was divided into three groups: the first group was the negative control group, which is a defect model without implant, the second group was implanted with bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA)-GEL implant, and the third group was implanted with BHAGEN-GEN implant
In vivo study of the BHA-GEL-GEN implant was carried out on Wistar rats. The implanted group, both BHA-GEL and BHA-GEL-GEN, showed accelerated repair of bone defects. is proofs in histological staining with haematoxylin-eosin In this study, BHA is the main component used as the implant matrix
Summary
Osteomyelitis is a major complication of various bone pathological conditions, such as fractures and total joint arthroplasty [1]. Chronic osteomyelitis can disturb the quality of life of the patient. Huang et al [2] reported that chronic osteomyelitis increased patient mortality, especially in elderly patients. Bone infection requires antibiotic therapy to eradicate the infectious pathogen. Antibiotics function as prophylaxis to prevent infection in bone defects [1]. The use of antibiotics in the bone tissue is challenging
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