Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever is an arthropod-borne viral disease affecting mainly domestic cattle and water buffalo. The etiological agent of this disease is bovine ephemeral fever virus, a member of the genus Ephemerovirus within the family Rhabdoviridae. Bovine ephemeral fever causes economic losses by a sudden drop in milk production in dairy cattle and loss of condition in beef cattle. Although mortality resulting from this disease is usually lower than 1%, it can reach 20% or even higher. Bovine ephemeral fever is distributed across many countries in Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and Africa. Prevention and control of the disease mainly relies on regular vaccination. The impact of bovine ephemeral fever on the cattle industry may be underestimated, and the introduction of bovine ephemeral fever into European countries is possible, similar to the spread of bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus. Research on bovine ephemeral fever remains limited and priority of investigation should be given to defining the biological vectors of this disease and identifying virulence determinants.
Highlights
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), known as three-day sickness or three-day fever [1], is an arthropod-borne viral disease that mainly strikes cattle and water buffalo
A sequence analysis on the glycoprotein of the viruses of Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) remain absent. Obtained these outbreaks indicates an invasion of an exotic BEFV strain that is genetically Bovine ephemeral fever first appeared in Taiwan in 1967
A sequence analysis on the glycoprotein of the viruses obtained during these outbreaks indicates an invasion of an exotic BEFV strain that is genetically close to Chinese
Summary
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), known as three-day sickness or three-day fever [1], is an arthropod-borne viral disease that mainly strikes cattle and water buffalo. This disease was first recorded in the late 19th century. An Iranian survey demonstrated that the infection rate is significantly higher in female cattle than in males but a difference in infection rate did not exist in buffaloes [4]. A survey on Tibetan yaks revealed that morbidity from BEF is higher in premature cattle and females [6]. A few directions for future BEF studies are suggested
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