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Abstract
Bourbon virus (BRBV) was first isolated in 2014 from a resident of Bourbon County, Kansas, USA, who died of the infection. In 2015, an ill Payne County, Oklahoma, resident tested positive for antibodies to BRBV, before fully recovering. We retrospectively tested for BRBV in 39,096 ticks from northwestern Missouri, located 240 km from Bourbon County, Kansas. We detected BRBV in 3 pools of Amblyomma americanum (L.) ticks: 1 pool of male adults and 2 pools of nymphs. Detection of BRBV in A. americanum, a species that is aggressive, feeds on humans, and is abundant in Kansas and Oklahoma, supports the premise that A. americanum is a vector of BRBV to humans. BRBV has not been detected in nonhuman vertebrates, and its natural history remains largely unknown.
Highlights
Bourbon virus (BRBV) was first isolated in 2014 from a resident of Bourbon County, Kansas, USA, who died of the infection
Virologic tests on EDTA-treated blood and separated serum collected from the patient on day 9 after symptom onset were negative for Heartland virus (HRTV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus) [1], a recently described tickborne virus [2,3]
Detection of BRBV in Ticks and Infection Rates Based on spiked tick pools comprising 5 A. americanum adult females or 25 nymphs, ground in 1 mL bovine albumin-1 (BA-1), the cutoff crossing threshold of 37 corresponded to a detection limit of 102.6 PFU/mL or pool for primer set NP1
Summary
Bourbon virus (BRBV) was first isolated in 2014 from a resident of Bourbon County, Kansas, USA, who died of the infection. Bourbon virus (BRBV) was first isolated from blood samples from a hospitalized male resident of Bourbon County, Kansas, USA [1]. He was >50 years of age and previously healthy. Virologic tests on EDTA-treated blood and separated serum collected from the patient on day 9 after symptom onset were negative for Heartland virus (HRTV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus) [1], a recently described tickborne virus [2,3]. Full-length sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus was new, most closely but distantly related to the Old World virus Dhori virus, and a member of the genus Thogotovirus [1,4] This new virus was named Bourbon virus after the county of residence of the patient. The goals of our retrospective analysis were to determine whether BRBV was present in the neighboring state of Missouri, to incriminate possible vector species, and to determine which life history stages are involved in virus transmission to humans
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