Abstract
The evolution of bound electrical charges (BECs) (electronical plus ionic) is probed in ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ thin films with temperatures ranging from 20 to $150\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$. High accurate infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry indicates an obvious BEC decrease with a temperature increase above the Curie temperature of the films. Spontaneous polarization is given in terms of BECs, and its amplitude depends on the BEC ionic character. Our results provide an experimental tool for the quantitative predication of the spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric thin films.
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