Abstract
We explore the formation of diquark bound states and their Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in the phase diagram of three-flavor quark matter at nonzero temperature, T, and quark chemical potential, μ. Using a quark model with a four-fermion interaction, we identify diquark excitations as poles of the microscopically computed diquark propagator. The quark masses are obtained by solving a dynamical equation for the chiral condensate and are found to determine the stability of the diquark excitations. The stability of diquark excitations is investigated in the T–μ plane for different values of the diquark coupling strength. We find that diquark bound states appear at small quark chemical potentials and at intermediate coupling strengths. Bose–Einstein condensation of non-strange diquark states occurs when the attractive interaction between quarks is sufficiently strong.
Highlights
The one-gluon exchange interaction between quarks is attractive in the color-antitriplet channel and leads to color superconductivity in cold and dense quark matter [1]
We explore the formation of diquark molecules and their Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in the phase diagram of three-flavor quark matter at nonzero temperature, T, and quark chemical potential, μ
We find that bound diquark molecules appear at small quark chemical potentials at intermediate coupling and that BEC of non-strange diquark molecules occurs if the attractive interaction between quarks is sufficiently strong
Summary
The one-gluon exchange interaction between quarks is attractive in the color-antitriplet channel and leads to color superconductivity in cold and dense quark matter [1]. We explore the appearance of diquark molecules and their BEC in the phase diagram of quark matter using a low-energy effective model This model features an attractive quark-quark interaction with a constant coupling strength GD that is regarded as a free parameter of the model. In order to decide whether BEC of diquarks occurs in this ensemble, we regard the region of the superconducting phase satisfying Eq (1) as Bose-Einstein condensed phase [8] In this exploratory study, we employ a common chemical potential μ for all flavors and colors. As we shall see in the following, diquark excitations play an important role even at high temperatures and small chemical potentials in the range relevant for heavy-ion collisions In this case, our assumption of equal chemical potentials for all quark flavors and colors is applicable to very good approximation.
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