Bounce behaviour in Kantowski–Sachs and Bianchi cosmologies

Abstract

Many cosmological scenarios envisage either a bounce of the universe at early times, or collapse of matter locally to form a black hole which re-expands into a new expanding universe region. Energy conditions preclude this happening for ordinary matter in general relativistic universes, but scalar or dilatonic fields can violate some of these conditions, and so could possibly provide bounce behaviour. In this paper we show that such bounces cannot occur in Kantowski–Sachs models without violating the reality condition . This also holds true for other isotropic spatially homogeneous Bianchi models, with the exception of closed Friedmann–Robertson–Walker and Bianchi IX models; bounce behaviour violates the weak energy condition ρ ⩾ 0 and ρ + p ⩾ 0. We turn to the Randall–Sundrum type braneworld scenario for a possible resolution of this problem.