Abstract
Botulinum toxin in facial plastic surgery
Highlights
The first published report of botulinum toxin (BoNT) for aesthetic use in 1989 was just the beginning of the expansion of BoNT as one of the most common non-invasive techniques in the field of facial plastic surgery[1]
BoNT type A (BoNT-A) is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the aesthetic treatment of various facial rhytids, there continues to be an increasing number of off-label aesthetic usages of BoNT[3]
This article reviews the use of BoNT in the treatment of facial rhytids as well as other uses of BoNT in non-invasive procedures related to facial plastic surgery
Summary
The first published report of botulinum toxin (BoNT) for aesthetic use in 1989 was just the beginning of the expansion of BoNT as one of the most common non-invasive techniques in the field of facial plastic surgery[1]. When performing injections of BoNT-A, it is important to understand the anatomy of the muscle as well as the toxin, dilution, and needle characteristic used for injection in order to achieve the desired clinical outcome and avoid any complications or adverse effects.
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