Abstract
Wireless technologies are an essential communication means that transform a branched localized fixed meshwork into a ubiquitous disconnected network. A clear trend shows that cells are becoming smaller, homogeneously distributed, operating at higher carrier frequencies, and more energy conscious. This points toward wireless picocell systems that implement millimeter-wave (mm-wave) modulation. In this work various techniques are proposed, which are oriented to specific traits of the 60-GHz mm-wave band. Two techniques oriented to solve physical and data-link layer issues are proposed. Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is proposed as the technology to be implemented at the physical layer, and a variable slot time multiplexing access technique, called variable slot time-time division multiple access (VST-TDMA), with a conscious energy-conservation protocol, is proposed for the data-link (MAC) layer. SC-FDMA with pulse shaping is implemented to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio of the system, which reduces energy consumption. The multiplexing access technique takes advantage of the reduced cell size by multiplexing data in the time domain, this allows the reduced number of users to utilize the entire available bandwidth. Incorporated into the access protocol is the option of energy pacing or even self-sustainability if an energy harvesting device is present. Self-sustainability can be achieved at the cost off throughput, some techniques are discussed to relieve this trade-off condition. Also, a thorough discussion is included on battery energy depletion, even with an energy harvesting device present, to further increase the throughput performance. Since using SC-FDMA reduces the energy consumption, it enables VST-TDMA to operate at higher speeds under self-sustainability mode. Overall the proposed set of solutions showed independently significant improvements to the system. It is also discussed how these techniques coalesce conveniently by working in unison, improving the energy efficiency and throughput capabilities of 60-GHz systems.
Highlights
Historical trends portray that wireless technology is evolving, reaching maturity at the frequencies below 5 GHz and pushing for real estate in the higher portion of the spectrum
To comply with the initial version of the IEEE 802.16-2001 standard, which species the use of a single carrier system for frequency bands between 10 and 66 GHz, we propose the implementation of Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) as the transmission scheme to be implemented by the serviced node (SN) for uplink and downlink
To fulfill with the initial requirements of the IEEE 802.162001 standard, which specifies the use of a single carrier system for frequency bands between 10 and 66 GHz, we propose the implementation of the SC-FDMA technology as the transmission scheme to be implemented in the uplink and downlink
Summary
Historical trends portray that wireless technology is evolving, reaching maturity at the frequencies below 5 GHz and pushing for real estate in the higher portion of the spectrum. In this work a time multiplexing technique, denoted here as variable slot time-time division multiplexing access (VST-TDMA), is proposed It has a self-adjusting time slot algorithm with a cyclic process that reserves time slots as they are requested. A node with a low energy reserve that is equipped with an energy-harvesting device can insert an idletime process into the frame transmission cycle to allow the device to recharge, by trading-off throughput, as suggested in [27,28] Another advantage of VST-TDMA is that QoS can be implemented, for example, if a node has timesensitive information, the algorithm can switch to smaller and more frequent process reservations such that the effective throughput remains the same but the stream’s overall delay is reduced. An efficient time-based multiplexing technique allows the bandwidth to be fully utilized. 60-GHz mm-wave technology fulfills well this role and for its high throughput capabilities it is the main motivator for designing VST-TDMA
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