Botryosphaeria ribis . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract

Abstract A description is provided for Botryosphaeria ribis . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ribis grossularia . Also on Aesculus, Aleurites, Amygdalus, Araucaria, Atriplex, Baccharis, Bridelia, Carica, Caryota, Citrus, Cryptomeria, Cupressus, Diospyros, Eucalyptus, Fuchsia, Godetia, Gossypium, Grevillea, Juglans, Laguncularia, Ligustrum, Liquidambar, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Malus, Mangifera, Manihot, Melia, Monstera, Olea, Pandanus, Persea, Pinus, Pistacia, Plumeria, Prunus, Psidium, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhodoleia, Rhododendron, Ricinus, Rosa, Salix, Sambucus, Sesamum, Solanum ?, Tilia, Ulmus, Vitis and also isolated from human nails. DISEASE: Plurivorous, particularly on trees, and also causing rots in fruit (3, 725; 4, 636; 6, 106; 9, 344; 13, 249; 14, 196). Amongst the hosts on which it has been described causing dieback and cankers on branches and stems are: avocado ( Persea americana ; 31, 132; 35, 495); elm ( Ulmus ; 29, 587); apple ( Malus pumila ; 4, 178, 614; 36, 104; 49, 3370); currant ( Ribes spp.); Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ; 39, 508); lemon ( Citrus limon ; 12, 283); pine ( Pinus spp. ; 47, 344); Rhododendron (43, 2296); sweet gum ( Liquidambar styraciflua ; 37, 317); Tilia spp. (30, 129); tuna ( Aleurites fordii and A. montana ; 29, 339; 32, 524); willow ( Salix ; 18, 486; 33, 455). B. ribes can also cause staining on timber (16, 578). On apple large, watery, blister-like cankers occur and these can destroy the main branches; young shoots and spurs are killed. The stromata form beneath the outer bark layers. On willow the girdling cankers are circular, crateriform, becoming dry and cracked. In tung there is a dieback of the terminal shoots from which spread takes place and cankers develop on the larger branches, with longitudinal bark splitting. In pines the killing of branch tips may lead to copious resin exudates. The imperfect state has been described more often in the field. On fruit a rot may occur after picking; this has been described for apple, avocado and lemon. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in temperate and tropical regions. TRANSMISSION: No experimental studies seem to have been described.