Bothrops jararaca snakes produce several bothrojaracin isoforms following an individual pattern

Abstract

More than one isoform of bothrojaracin (BJC), a potent and specific thrombin inhibitor isolated from Bothrops jararaca venom, has been found in individual venoms collected from adult snakes. Variations in snake venom composition have previously been associated with factors such as age, sex, geographic origin, season of the year and diet. In order to obtain further information concerning individual patterns of expression of BJC isoforms, we have analyzed five individual Bothrops jararaca snake venoms collected at the same time from adult female snakes from the same geographic region. As expected, crude venoms showed a similar migration pattern on SDS-PAGE. BJC was purified using a procedure which includes an affinity chromatography step (PPACK-thrombin Sepharose). A slight variation in the amount of BJC obtained from individual venom samples was noticed. Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation as well as migration pattern on SDS-PAGE (under reducing and non-reducing conditions) and isoelectric focusing varied considerably among BJC samples from the five snakes. The amino-terminal sequences (residues 1–34) of individual BJC samples were compared with the sequence deduced from isolated cDNAs encoding α and β chains of BJC. A high degree of homology was detected, although some residues differed from one sample to other. Altogether, data confirmed the heterogeneity found for BJC purified from individual snakes. Thus, the results indicate that: (1) individual specimens of Bothrops jararaca have different patterns of BJC isoform expression; and (2) it seems that genetic factors, at least in part, determine the variability found in BJC production.