Abstract
Although the role of the gut microbiota in obesity has recently received considerable attention, the exact mechanism is unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the profiles of bacterial communities in fecal samples and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the peripheral blood in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and standard diet (SD) and at providing new insights into the pathogenesis of obesity. The profiles of bacterial communities in fecal samples and DEPs in the peripheral blood were characterized in mice fed HFD and SD, respectively. The levels of 3 DEPs increased in HFD mice. The alpha diversity was significantly lower after 4 and 12 weeks in HFD mice. The beta diversity was higher after 4, 8, and 12 weeks in HFD mice. A total of 16 gut bacterial clades were significantly different with the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score higher than 4 over time. The relative abundance levels of Proteobacteria and Deferribacteres were higher, while those of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were lower in HFD mice at the phylum level. The relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae and Rikenellaceae increased in HFD mice at the family level. The relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes_S24-7_group and Lachnospiraceae was lower in HFD mice. The gut microbiota had a significant correlation with serum lipid indexes and expression of DEPs at the phylum and family levels. The changes in the gut microbiota of HFD mice and their associations with the levels of inflammatory proteins could be one of the major etiological mechanisms underlying obesity.
Highlights
The very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) level was higher in standard diet (SD) mice compared with high-fat diet (HFD) mice (P < 0:01) (Figure 1(f))
These findings indicated that HFD alters serum lipoprotein levels in mice
This study showed that HFD induces changes in the gut microbiota through amplifying systematic proinflammatory responses involved in the mechanisms underlying obesity
Summary
As a feature of metabolic abnormalities, has been linked with changes in the gut microbiota. It affects the energy storage and the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [4,5,6]. The gut microbiota is an important environmental factor that affects diet-induced obesity [7]. Diet-induced obesity models were used in mice to explore the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis with obesity. Previous studies focused on the alteration of the gut microbiota induced by high-fat diet (HFD) at experiment endpoints [8, 9]. A few studies examined the change in the composition of the gut microbiota in response to HFD over time
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