Botanical Aspects, Caffeine Content and Antioxidant Activity of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Coffea arabica&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Luis Carlos Marques,Maria Cristina Marcucci,Andreia Marques Dos Santos,Carolina Passarelli Gonçalves

doi:10.4236/ajps.2019.106073

Abstract

Brazil is the largest coffee exporter in the world. In addition, it occupies the second position, among the consuming countries of the drink. To investigate the chemical composition and quality of the coffee drink from Coffea arabica species, samples grown in the city of Ourinhos, the third most productive region in the state of Sao Paulo, a study of its properties and characteristics was conducted. The pharmacobotanical characteristics were investigated performed according to usual techniques in these researches through macroscopic and microscopic studies through cross-sections. The oil obtained for analysis was extracted by soxhlet, and the caffeine content was measured for green grains using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using as stationary phase, column C18 and gradient mobile phase formed by 80% water and 20% methanol. The concentration obtained was 44.983 ± 0.86 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity was measured in triplicate through the DPPH test of the in natura coffee oil, and presented antioxidant action of EC50 25.89 ± 1.16 μg/mL.

Highlights

The coffee is a plant belonging to the Plantae kingdom; class Magnoliopsida, family Rubiaceae, of the genus Coffea
The oil obtained for analysis was extracted by soxhlet, and the caffeine content was measured for green grains using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using as stationary phase, column C18 and gradient mobile phase formed by 80% water and 20% methanol
The results obtained provide an overview of the pharmacobotanic characteristics, antioxidant activity and caffeine content of samples collected in the third largest coffee producing city in São Paulo State

Summary

Introduction

The coffee is a plant belonging to the Plantae kingdom; class Magnoliopsida, family Rubiaceae, of the genus Coffea. The used parts of the plant were: fruit and grain [1]. The plant species Coffea arabica, which is cultivated on a large scale in the American continent, is a shrub with 2 to 4 meters high. The lateral branches, called primary branches, which are long and flexible, containing secondary. The leaves presents a short petiole, has a tan color when youth, and dark green when adult; shiny on the top and dull on the underside. The flowers are white or slightly pink. The green coffee grain (Figure 1(c)) is composed of glycines, mainly polysaccharides, lipids and proteins

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