Abstract
The investigations were carried out in the years 2000- -2004 on permanent grassland in Czarny Potok (Beskidy Mts. - 650 a. s. l.). Botanical census was conducted by using Klapp's method on 26 plots (18 random selected plots and 8 controls). The whole floristic material was subjected to numerical classification. As a result, three main types of plots with the dominating species of: <i>Juncus effusus</i> (1), <i>Cirsium arvense</i> (2) and <i>Deschampsia caespitosa</i> (3), were distinguished. <i>Poa trivialis</i> was the dominating species of the control plots. Results of the floristic and habitat analysis confirmed that the main factors determining the formation of meadow and pasture communities are as follows: the method of use, water relations and soil nutrient availability. It was found that idle glades are characterised by degraded sward of the average (the sward patches with the domination of <i>Deschampsia caespitosa</i>) or low use value (the swards patches with the domination of <i>Cirsium arvense</i> and <i>Juncus effusus</i>). The deterioration of the feeding value of the fallow plots is an effect of their high weed infestation, which in turn results, in this case, from habitat changes as a consequence of the cessation of use and earlier errors made in cultivation measures. Both high and low soil moisture, with improper meadow management, accelerated the weed infestation of the sward, what in turn lowers its use value. Cutting and fertilisation positively affect the use value of plant habitats, what was confirmed by the botanical and habitat analysis of the control plots with the domination of <i>Poa trivialis</i>, which is known to be of good use value.
Highlights
Over the recent time period, due to the worsening economic situation in agriculture, a large number of fields and grasslands have been left as fallows (Ostromęcki and Piechota, 1996)
For the purpose of comparison, an assessment was made of the botanical composition of the vegetation occurring on the control object, without fertilisation, cut twice a year and in the patches with mineral fertilisation P18K66N120
The soils studied were classified as brown acid soils with the grain-size distribution of medium silty loam or light silty loam
Summary
Over the recent time period, due to the worsening economic situation in agriculture, a large number of fields and grasslands have been left as fallows (Ostromęcki and Piechota , 1996). It has resulted in far-reaching changes in the botanical composition of idle grassland areas (Kornaś , 1990). The investigations were carried out on permanent grassland in Czarny Potok near Krynica (650 m a.s.l.), which is one of many fallow mountain pastures in this region This land belongs to the Department of Grassland Science of the Agricultural University in Kraków
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