Abstract
Quantum information is vulnerable to environmental noise and experimental imperfections, hindering the reliability of practical quantum information processors. Therefore, quantum error correction (QEC) that can protect quantum information against noise is vital for universal and scalable quantum computation. Among many different experimental platforms, superconducting quantum circuits and bosonic encodings in superconducting microwave modes are appealing for their unprecedented potential in QEC. During the last few years, bosonic QEC is demonstrated to reach the break-even point, i.e. the lifetime of a logical qubit is enhanced to exceed that of any individual components composing the experimental system. Beyond that, universal gate sets and fault-tolerant operations on the bosonic codes are also realized, pushing quantum information processing towards the QEC era. In this article, we review the recent progress of the bosonic codes, including the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill codes, cat codes, and binomial codes, and discuss the opportunities of bosonic codes in various quantum applications, ranging from fault-tolerant quantum computation to quantum metrology. We also summarize the challenges associated with the bosonic codes and provide an outlook for the potential research directions in the long terms.
Highlights
Quantum computers promise to exponentially or dramatically outperform classical computers on certain problems because of quantum coherence and true parallel computation [1,2,3,4]
A practical quantum computer that is capable of large circuit depth, calls for operations on logical qubits protected by quantum error correction (QEC) against unwanted or uncontrolled errors and is expected to spend a vast majority of its resources on error correction [6,7,8,9,10,11]
When universal gate sets on these logical qubits are available, quantum information processing technologies would enter an era of quantum protection
Summary
Quantum computers promise to exponentially or dramatically outperform classical computers on certain problems (e.g. factoring and unstructured database searching) because of quantum coherence and true parallel computation [1,2,3,4]. In analogy to optical cavity QED that studies the interaction between atoms and photons, circuit QED describes the interaction between superconducting qubits (artificial atoms) and microwave photons in a cavity with ultrahigh cooperativities This experimental platform allows universal control of the bosonic mode with high fidelities, and QEC that exceeds or closely reaches the break-even point [12, 35, 36], logical-qubit operations [19, 35,36,37,38], and fault-tolerant operations [15,16,17] have.
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