Bosnia-Herzegovina: More Time is Required

Abstract

Abstract : Bosnia-Herzegovina is the first significant test for post-Cold War diplomacy. The United States, as the sole superpower, is leading this mission. The method of waging war changed significantly during the 20th Century. War transformed from Trinitarian, to insurgent, and finally to complex emergencies (identity conflict). The appropriate response for each is different. World War I and II provided an opportunity for leaders to feel comfortable with the Trinitarian response. Cold War politics determined the response to insurgent warfare. Identity conflict is the most dangerous, hardest to solve, and requires a different approach. Civilians are involved to a much greater extent. Hatred, separate visions, and the lack of shared goals fragment society. There is little information on the best way to manage these conflicts due to limited experience. The war in Bosnia lasted from 1991 until 1995. Diplomacy, followed by the use of military force, ended the fighting. Healing started with the implementation of the Dayton Peace Accords. Five years have passed. What progress have we made? Are we closer to the end or does a lot of work remain? Should the United States remain until the appropriate environment is set to ensure success?