Abstract
We discuss effects of particle interaction on Bose condensation in inhomogeneous traps with and without optical lattice. Interaction pushes normal particles away from the condensate droplet, which is located in the center of the trap, towards the periphery of the trap where the trapping potential is large. In the end, the remaining normal particles are squeezed to a quasi-2D shell around the condensate droplet thus changing the effective dimensionality of the system. In the absence of the optical lattice the index in the temperature dependence of the condensate density at the later stages of the process is close to 2 with a weak dependence on the number of trapped particles. In the presence of the lattice inside the trap this index acquires a strong dependence on the number of particles inside the trap and gradually falls from a 3D to a 2D value with an increase in the number of particles. This change in index is explained by the lattice-driven spread of the condensate droplet and the localization of the narrow band particles by the trap potential.
Highlights
Interaction pushes normal particles away from the condensate droplet, which is located in the center of the trap, toward the periphery of the trap where the trapping potential is large
The remaining normal particles are squeezed to a quasi-two-dimensional2Dshell around the condensate droplet, changing the effective dimensionality of the system
The interplay between the repulsive interaction and the trapping potential complicates BEC. It was clear from the beginning5,6͔ that the interaction and the trap have opposite effects on condensation: while the trap tends to concentrate the condensate in a narrow region of space around the particle ground state in the trap, the repulsion is responsible for the widening of this condensate droplet
Summary
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Interacting Gases in Traps with and without Optical Lattice. We compare effects of particle interaction on Bose-Einstein condensation in inhomogeneous traps with and without optical lattice inside. Interaction pushes normal particles away from the condensate droplet, which is located in the center of the trap, toward the periphery of the trap where the trapping potential is large. In the absence of the optical lattice, the index in the temperature dependence of the condensate density at the later stages of the process is close to 2 with a weak dependence on the number of trapped particles. We assume that the density is still sufficiently low to neglect the interaction before the onset of condensation even in the center of the trap In computations, this condition limits the total number of particles in our trap, N, to N Ͻ 106.
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