Abstract
We study the Bose polaron problem in a nonequilibrium setting, by considering an impurity embedded in a quantum fluid of light realized by exciton-polaritons in a microcavity, subject to a coherent drive and dissipation on account of pump and cavity losses. We obtain the polaron effective mass, the drag force acting on the impurity, and determine polaron trajectories at a semiclassical level. We find different dynamical regimes, originating from the unique features of the excitation spectrum of driven-dissipative polariton fluids, in particular a non-trivial regime of acceleration against the flow. Our work promotes the study of impurity dynamics as an alternative testbed for probing superfluidity in quantum fluids of light.
Highlights
We have studied the motion of an impurity in a polariton fluid under drive and dissipation, assuming a weak coupling between the impurity and the fluid
The presence of Bogoliubov excitations lying on top of the coherent steady state of the polariton fluid dress the impurity particle giving rise to a Bose polaron in the Fröhlich regime
We have found different dynamical regimes, originating from the unique features of the excitation spectrum of driven-dissipative polariton fluids
Summary
Light can exchange momentum and energy with free moving particles via the mechanism of radiation pressure. Focusing on the experimentally relevant condition of weak coupling between the impurity and the fluid, we develop a Bogoliubov-Fröhlich approach in the presence of an external bath and provide solutions, under Markovian approximation, for the effective mass of the polaron and the drag force exerted by the fluid on it We consider both the cases of the fluid at rest and in motion. Such excitons can be dark (i.e. not in the strong coupling regime) due to the symmetry of their wavefunction in multiple-quantum-well microcavities [72], or can have momenta outside the light cone, as a result of thermalization Another possible impurity, much lighter in mass, can be made up of a cross-polarized polariton droplet created by a second laser.
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