Abstract
We study the quantum phases of a Bose-Hubbard model with staggered magnetic flux in two dimensions, as was realized recently [M. Aidelsburger, M. Atala, M. Lohse, J. T. Barreiro, B. Paredes, and I. Bloch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 255301 (2011)]. Within mean-field theory, we show how the structure of the condensates evolves from the weak- to the strong-coupling limit, exhibiting a tricritical point at the Mott-superfluid transition. Nontrivial topological structures (Dirac points) in the quasiparticle (hole) excitations in the Mott state are found within random phase approximation and we discuss how interaction modifies their structures. The excitation gap in the Mott state closes at different $\mathbf{k}$ points when approaching the superfluid states, which is consistent with the findings of mean-field theory.
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