Abstract

Quantum confinement shifts quantum phase transitions like the λ-pointof liquid helium. This effect is calculated here for ideal Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs) using thermodynamic mapping (TM). TM is a procedure to obtain lowtemperature behaviour from high temperature information via elementarytransformations. We report here a series of TM relations for thermodynamicquantities and the resulting transition properties for ideal BECs.

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