Abstract
Several Membrane Distillation (MD) technologies have been employed to remove boron from various concentrations. In this study, Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD), Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation (PGMD), and Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) are examined to evaluate their effectiveness when combined with several boron concentrations (1.5, 7 and 30 ppm) and operating parameters (circulation rate from 0.9 L/min to 5 L/min, feed temperature from 40 to 70 °C, and pH from 3–11). Those concentrations of boron are selected on the basis of the concentration of boron in the permeate side of the single-pass reverse osmosis (RO) system, Arabian Gulf, and contaminated brackish water. Moreover, synthetic seawater is treated to assess MD technologies’ effectiveness. A high removal efficiency of boron is accomplished by MD. AGMD, PGMD, and VMD are promising methods for the desalination industry. AGMD shows excellent boron removal, which was above 99% with a wide ranging concentration. In addition, VMD demonstrates good permeate flux compared to the other MD technologies, which were about 5.8 kg/m2·h for synthetic seawater. Furthermore, there is no noteworthy influence of the pH value on the boron removal efficiency.
Highlights
Boron is dispersed widely in the lithosphere and hydrosphere of the earth [1]
In order to examine the influence of the circulation rate and boron concentration on the Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD), Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation (PGMD), and Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) performance at an invariable temperatures for feed and cooling fluids, several lab experiment were carried out at various circulation rates (0.9, 3, and 5 L/min) and initial boron concentrations (1.5, 7, and 30 ppm)
It can be concluded from the figure that Membrane Distillation (MD) configurations can reject boron over a wide range of boron concentrations and circulation rates
Summary
Boron is dispersed widely in the lithosphere and hydrosphere of the earth [1]. The biggest consumer of the boron compound (which utilizes more than fifty percent of the total world production) is the glass industry [2]. Boron is utilized in antiseptics, medical treatment, cosmetics, and the nuclear industry. Boron concentration is strongly related to geographical location and seasonal effects [3]. The average boron concentration in seawater has been reported to be about 4.5 ppm while the boron concentration level in the Arabian Gulf is about 7 ppm [3]. Boron concentration in brackish water and hot springs varies from 0.3 to 100 ppm [4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
