Abstract
Herein, a conductive boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND) particle is prepared as an electrode material for an aqueous electric double-layer capacitor with high power and energy densities. The BDND is obtained by depositing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) on a nanodiamond particle substrate with a primary particle size of 4.7 nm via microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition, followed by heat treatment in air. The BDND comprises BDD and sp2 carbon components, and exhibits a conductivity above 1 S cm−1 and a specific surface area of 650 m2 g−1. Cyclic voltammetry measurements recorded in 1 M H2SO4 at a BDND electrode in a two-electrode system shows a capacitance of 15.1 F g−1 and a wide potential window (cell voltage) of 1.8 V, which is much larger than that obtained at an activated carbon electrode, i.e., 0.8 V. Furthermore, the cell voltage of the BDND electrode reaches 2.8 V when using saturated NaClO4 as electrolyte. The energy and power densities per unit weight of the BDND for charging–discharging in 1 M H2SO4 at the BDND electrode cell are 10 Wh kg−1 and 104 W kg−1, respectively, and the energy and power densities per unit volume of the BDND layer are 3–4 mWh cm−3 and 10 W cm−3, respectively. Therefore, the BDND is a promising candidate for the development of a compact aqueous EDLC device with high energy and power densities.
Highlights
A conductive boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND) particle is prepared as an electrode material for an aqueous electric double-layer capacitor with high power and energy densities
Since the use of saturated NaClO4 as an aqueous electrolyte has been reported to expand the potential window[37], we examined the electrochemical properties of the BDND electrode in saturated NaClO4 using cyclic voltammetry (CV) with a three-electrode system (Fig. 8a)
Www.nature.com/scientificreports a a BDND was fabricated by depositing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) layer on a detonation ND as a substrate material using the microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method toward application as electrode materials for aqueous electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)
Summary
A conductive boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND) particle is prepared as an electrode material for an aqueous electric double-layer capacitor with high power and energy densities. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is a conductive material and a candidate electrode material for EDLCs with large cell voltages because it exhibits a wide potential window even in aqueous electrolytes[6,7,8]. To use BDD as an electrode material for EDLCs, its specific surface area should be increased to improve its capacitance. We describe the fabrication of a BDDP, namely boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND), with a diameter of approximately 100 nm or smaller to improve its specific surface area. The electrochemical properties of the BDND were investigated toward its application as an electrode material for an aqueous EDLC with large cell voltage
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