Born free and equal?: a philosophical inquiry into the nature of discrimination

Abstract

Introduction 1. The questions 2. The approach 3. Overview of the book Part I: The concept of discrimination Chapter 1: What is discrimination? 1. Introduction 2. Discrimination in the generic sense 3. Irrelevance discrimination 4. The moralized concept of discrimination 5. Group discrimination 6. Social salience 7. Because 8. Treatment 9. Summary Appendix 1: Methodology Appendix 2: Discrimination skeptics: Oppression and dominance Chapter 2: Indirect discrimination 1. The distinction between direct and indirect discrimination 2. Altman's definition 3. The no-intention condition 4. The disadvantage condition 5. The disproportionateness condition 6. Sufficient for indirect discrimination? 7. Direct vs. indirect discrimination 8. Conclusion Appendix 1: Some other definitions of indirect discrimination Appendix 2: Institutional and structural discrimination Chapter 3: Statistical discrimination 1. Introduction 2. Statistical discrimination vs. non-statistical discrimination 3. Direct vs. indirect, statistical discrimination 4. What statistical discrimination is not 5. Conclusion Appendix: Genetic discrimination and social salience Part II: The wrongness of discrimination Chapter 4: Mental state based accounts 1. Introduction 2. Some common accounts 3. Mental states and permissibility 4. Different mental state accounts 5. Alexander on disrespect and discrimination: The falsehood account 6. Alexander on disrespect and discrimination: The comparative falsehood account 7. Alexander on disrespect and discrimination: The irrational, comparative falsehood account 8. Conclusion Chapter 5: Objective meaning accounts 1. Introduction 2. Hellman's account: Demeaning others 3. Some challenges to Hellman's account 4. Scanlon on racial discrimination and the meaning of actions 5. An important ambiguity 6. Some worries about Scanlon's account 7. The moral distinctiveness of discrimination based on judgments of inferiority 8. Conclusion Chapter 6: Harm-based accounts 1. Introduction 2. The essentials of the harm-based account 3. The baseline issue 4. The metric of harm 5. Some challenges to the harm-based account 6. A desert-prioritarian account 7. Some objections 8. A test case: Moral wrongness of indirect discrimination 9. Conclusion Appendix: Moreau on deliberative freedom and discrimination Part III: Neutralizing discrimination Chapter 7: Discrimination and the aim of proportional representation 1. Introduction 2. The Simple View and ambition-sensitivity 3. The Counterfactual, Holistic View 4. Which counterfactual scenario? 5. Is absence of discrimination necessary for suitable representation? 6. Second-best representational aims 7. Conclusion Chapter 8: Discrimination in punishment 1. Introduction 2. Loci of legal discrimination 3. Criteria vs. indicators of discrimination 4. The pure discrimination case 5. The no-complaint argument 6. Conclusion Chapter 9: Reaction qualifications 1. Introduction 2. Discounting qualifications based on illegitimate preferences 3. Refining meritocracy 4. Illegitimate preferences not disadvantaging targeted groups 5. Respect and reaction qualifications 6. Conclusion Chapter 10: Discrimination in the private sphere 1. Introduction 2. A legal duty to engage in wrongful private discrimination 3. A legal right to engage in wrongful private discrimination 4. A legal duty not to engage in wrongful private discrimination 5. A legal duty or permission to engage in private discrimination that is not wrongful 6. A legal duty not to engage in private discrimination that is not wrongful 7. Conclusion Chapter 11: Racial profiling 1. Introduction 2. A right to be treated as an individual 3. Unequal treatment 4. Unfairness 5. The making of statistical facts and the justifiability of statistical discrimination 6. Putting the argument to the interpersonal test 7. Non-comprehensively justified? 8. Challenges 9. Conclusion Bibliography Index