Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant phosphorus uptake, increase soil water holding abilities, reduce soil erosion and can protect their hosts from soil-borne pathogens. Hence, AMF play an important part in improving sustainable agricultural practices, and information about the effects of different preceding crop species on the following crop's AMF well-being is crucial for designing crop rotations.We studied onion root and soil microbial diversity and onion root AMF colonization rates after being preceded by three AMF hosting and one non-hosting green manure crop species in a boreal climate organic field.One-season cultivation of different preceding green manure crops did not have a strong effect on AMF colonization or microbial diversity in onion roots nor in the surrounding soil. Onions had high AMF colonization and microbial diversity after all four preceding crops. The overall fungal and bacterial populations of the soil reacted more strongly to seasonal variations than preceding crops.The study suggests that one season is a too short time to influence the AMF community in boreal climate organic fields with conventional tillage. Thus, non-host preceding crops can also be used in rotations, especially together with AMF host crops.
Highlights
Mycorrhizal fungi generally benefit plant growth and health, they are rarely taken into consideration in conventional, highinput agricultural practices
0.024); it was highest after L. albus and V. sativa/V. villosa and was significantly lower after T. incarnatum when compared to V. sativa/V. villosa (Fig. 1a; Supplementary Table 3)
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) hosts as preceding crops did not increase onion root AMF colonization compared to the L. albus AMF non-host
Summary
Mycorrhizal fungi generally benefit plant growth and health, they are rarely taken into consideration in conventional, highinput agricultural practices. Plants abandon their mycorrhizal symbi onts under heavy mineral fertilization [1]. In sustainable agriculture the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is recognized and practices to facilitate mycorrhizal well-being and to benefit soil and rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities are developed [6]. Different plant species in rotation can be harvested for yield, while green manure plants, when ploughed into soil, improve soil quality, prevent erosion and nutrient leaching, manage weeds, pests and diseases, while improving soil microbial biodiversity [7]. Long-term green manuring has been shown to increase soil fungal and bacterial biomass and diversity [8].
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