Abstract
While in the past border control was mostly about military and political supremacy today it is being enhanced often to protect the public resources, culture, population and to maintain social security. A brief history of border control technologies has been discussed and then how it evolved from simple border protection to complex ethnic, national and cultural protection. Border control techniques utilize air, land, naval and biometric technologies to preserve the border and ethnic and socio-cultural integrity of western countries. The objective of this study was to understand cost of such technologies, its effects on human rights and existing laws to address such violations of human rights. The analysis has been a systematic review of existing and evolving technologies. Various journals and papers, public and private research organizations have been examined in this regard. The paper finds that such technologies cost high, have harmed human rights and at the same time necessary laws have not been developed to tackle these violations. The paper proposes that to establish equitable and proportionate use of such technologies an international mechanism must be developed through the UN which must ensure proper legal and ethical framework is set up to maintain and function these advanced technologies while optimizing costs and environmental impact.
Highlights
Today we have various technologies and mechanisms to deal with our borders
In Roman Empire we see a “network of walls, rivers, desert forts, and mountain watchtowers” as it’s border control protocol [2]. Apart from these man-made systems, mountains, dense forests and hostile landscapes were part of the border control mechanism of the ancient world as it is today as we see in case of Iran and Afghanistan
Technologies for securing borders are being developed without consideration of national welfare and thought of refugee
Summary
Today we have various technologies and mechanisms to deal with our borders. Almost every country has border control mechanism. In Roman Empire we see a “network of walls, rivers, desert forts, and mountain watchtowers” as it’s border control protocol [2]. Apart from these man-made systems, mountains, dense forests and hostile landscapes were part of the border control mechanism of the ancient world as it is today as we see in case of Iran and Afghanistan. In ancient Britain Hadrian’s wall was a clear example of a border control mechanism of Roman empire [3]. It is not to protect political or military ownership of a land It is because since the enactment of UN Charter 1945 borders are no longer seen being threatened by foreign armies, even though there have been invasions, but this is not the de jure standard like the ancient world
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