Boosting the "Solid-Liquid-Solid" Conversion Reaction via Bifunctional Carbonate-Based Electrolyte for Ultra-long-life Potassium-Sulfur Batteries.

Abstract

Potassium-sulfur (K-S) batteries have attracted wide attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the intractable shuttle effect of K polysulfides results in poor cyclability of K-S batteries, which severely limits their practical application. Herein, a bifunctional concentrated electrolyte (3 mol L-1 potassium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in ethylene carbonate (EC)) with high ionic conductivity and low viscosity is developed to regulate the dissolution behavior of polysulfides and induce uniform K deposition. The organic groups in the cathode electrolyte interphase layer derived from EC can effectively block the polysulfide shuttle and realize a "solid-liquid-solid" reaction mechanism. The KF-riched solid-electrolyte interphase inhibits K dendrite growth during cycling. As a result, the achieved K-S batteries display a high reversible capacity of 654 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 after 800 cycles and a long lifespan over 2000 cycles at 1 A g-1 .