Boosting the Osteogenic and Angiogenic Performance of Multiscale Porous Polycaprolactone Scaffolds by In Vitro Generated Extracellular Matrix Decoration.

Betül Aldemir Dikici,Frederik Claeyssens,Gwendolen C Reilly

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b23100

Betül Aldemir Dikici, Frederik Claeyssens + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b23100

Copy DOI

Abstract

Tissue engineering (TE)-based bone grafts are favorable alternatives to autografts and allografts. Both biochemical properties and the architectural features of TE scaffolds are crucial in their design process. Synthetic polymers are attractive biomaterials to be used in the manufacturing of TE scaffolds, due to various advantages, such as being relatively inexpensive, enabling precise reproducibility, possessing tunable mechanical/chemical properties, and ease of processing. However, such scaffolds need modifications to improve their limited interaction with biological tissues. Structurally, multiscale porosity is advantageous over single-scale porosity; therefore, in this study, we have considered two key points in the design of a bone repair material; (i) manufacture of multiscale porous scaffolds made of photocurable polycaprolactone (PCL) by a combination of emulsion templating and three-dimensional (3D) printing and (ii) decoration of these scaffolds with the in vitro generated bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM) to create biohybrid scaffolds that have improved biological performance compared to PCL-only scaffolds. Multiscale porous scaffolds were fabricated, bone cells were cultured on them, and then they were decellularized. The biological performance of these constructs was tested in vitro and in vivo. Mesenchymal progenitors were seeded on PCL-only and biohybrid scaffolds. Cells not only showed improved attachment on biohybrid scaffolds but also exhibited a significantly higher rate of cell growth and osteogenic activity. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used to explore the angiogenic potential of the biohybrid scaffolds. The CAM assay indicated that the presence of the in vitro generated ECM on polymeric scaffolds resulted in higher angiogenic potential and a high degree of tissue infiltration. This study demonstrated that multiscale porous biohybrid scaffolds present a promising approach to improve bioactivity, encourage precursors to differentiate into mature bones, and to induce angiogenesis.

Highlights

Bone grafting is the second most frequent tissue transplantation technique worldwide after blood transfusion.[1]
It was reported that the higher degree of methacrylation cross-links the photocurable monomers to a higher degree, and this results in a mechanically stronger material.[68−70] gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results showed that the molecular weight (Mw) and Mn values were 2069 and 1771 g/mol, respectively, and the dispersity index was calculated as 1.17 (Mw/Mn)
We developed biomimetic and biohybrid scaffolds for bone Tissue engineering (TE)

Summary

Introduction

Bone grafting is the second most frequent tissue transplantation technique worldwide after blood transfusion.[1]. With the new MDR, human origin cells and tissues or derivatives will be considered as a high-risk medical device (class III) in addition to those of animal origin (rule 18). Due to these regulatory restrictions, allografts including demineralized and deproteinized bone (DMB and DPB) matrices will likely have more

Objectives

Results

Conclusion