Abstract
We report a new strategy to fabricate a multifunctional composite photoanode containing TiO2 hollow spheres (TiO2-HSs), Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and novel NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaLuF4:Eu@SiO2 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The AuNPs are grown on the photoanode film including TiO2-HSs and UCNPs by a simple in-situ plasmonic treatment. As a result, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 14.13% is obtained, which is a record for N719 dye-based dye-sensitized solar cells, demonstrating great potential for the solar cells toward commercialization. This obvious enhancement is ascribed to a collaborative mechanism of the TiO2-HSs exhibiting excellent light-scattering ability, of the UCNPs converting near-infrared photons into visible photons and of the AuNPs presenting outstanding surface plasmon resonance effect. Notably, a steady-state experiment further reveals that the champion cell exhibits 95.33% retainment in efficiency even after 180 h of measurements, showing good device stability.
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