Boosting organic phosphorescence in adaptive host-guest materials by hyperconjugation

Abstract

Phosphorescence is ubiquitous in heavy atom-containing organic phosphors, which attracts considerable attention in optoelectronics and bioelectronics. However, heavy atom-free organic materials with efficient phosphorescence are rare under ambient conditions. Herein, we report a series of adaptive host-guest materials derived from dibenzo-heterocyclic analogues, showing host-dependent color-tunable phosphorescence with phosphorescence efficiency of up to 98.9%. The adaptive structural deformation of the guests arises from the hyperconjugation, namely the n→π* interaction, enabling them to inhabit the cavity of host crystals in synergy with steric effects. Consequently, a perfect conformation match between host and guest molecules facilitates the suppression of triplet exciton dissipation, thereby boosting the phosphorescence of these adaptive materials. Moreover, we extend this strategy to a ternary host-guest system, yielding both excitation- and time-dependent phosphorescence with a phosphorescence efficiency of 92.0%. This principle provides a concise way for obtaining efficient and color-tunable phosphorescence, making a major step toward potential applications in optoelectronics.