Boosting Entanglement Generation in Down-Conversion with Incoherent Illumination

Abstract

Entangled photons produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion have been of paramount importance for our current understanding of quantum mechanics and advances in quantum information. In this process, the quantum correlations of the down-converted photons are governed by the optical properties of the pump beam illuminating the nonlinear crystal. Extensively, the pump beam has been modeled by either coherent beams or by the well-known Gaussian-Schell model, which leads to the natural conclusion that a high degree of optical coherence is required for the generation of highly entangled states. Here, we show that when a novel class of partially coherent Gaussian pump beams is considered, a distinct type of quantum state can be generated for which the amount of entanglement increases inversely with the degree of coherence of the pump beam. This leads to highly incoherent yet highly entangled multiphoton states, which should have interesting consequences for photonic quantum information science.