Abstract
Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. In the skeletal system, vasculature creates nurturing niches for bone and blood-forming stem cells. Blood vessels regulate hematopoiesis and drive bone formation during development, repair, and regeneration. Dysfunctional vascular niches induce skeletal aging, bone diseases, and hematological disorders. Recent cellular and molecular characterization of the bone marrow microenvironment has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functions of the bone vasculature and vascular niches. The bone vasculature is composed of distinct vessel subtypes that differentially regulate osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and disease conditions in bones. Further, bone marrow vascular niches supporting stem cells are often complex microenvironments involving multiple different cell populations and vessel subtypes. This review provides an overview of the emerging vascular cell heterogeneity in bone and the new roles of the bone vasculature and associated vascular niches in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Highlights
Mammalian skeletons contain an intricate network of blood vessels that supply a plethora of blood to the bone, around 10% to 15% of resting cardiac output.[1]
We provide an overview of the distribution and identification of blood vessel subtypes in the bone, their functions during physiological processes, and contributions in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, bone metastasis, and bone malignancies
Reactivation and metastasis of the disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are closely related to the endothelial cells (ECs) in the bone marrow.[180]. ECs can produce thrombospondin-1 and induce DTC quiescence.[181]. Endothelial Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) signaling pathway inhibit the interaction between DTCs and the perivascular niche, sensitizing DTCs to chemotherapy.[182]. A recent study shows that ADAM17-regulated C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) expression produced by bone marrow ECs promotes spinal metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma.[183] sinusoids and low blood flow facilitate more significant interactions between tumor cells and ECs in bone,(180) type H vessels with higher speed of blood flow and more abundant oxygen, cytokine, and growth factors may promote tumor cell survival
Summary
Mammalian skeletons contain an intricate network of blood vessels that supply a plethora of blood to the bone, around 10% to 15% of resting cardiac output.[1].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
