Abstract
Note Primary skeletal neoplasms account for 0,2% of human tumors, whereas involvement of skeletal tissue by metastatic disease is much more common. Their soft tissue-related counterparts outnumber bone tumors by a margin of approximately 10:1. Because of their rarity, not much is known about the etiology and risk factors of bone tumors, although a difference in ethnical distribution has been observed. Bone tumors are mostly of mesenchymal origin, though for example Ewing sarcoma is thought to have neuroectodermal precursor cells. Classification of the World Health Organization will be followed in this overview. Grading of bone tumors is roughly based on the cellularity of the lesion compared to the amount of extracellulair matrix, nuclear features, the presence of mitotic figures and necrosis. Staging via the TNM system is normally not used, because metastases in lymph nodes are not frequent in these lesions. Therefore staging is based on degree of differentiation of the tumor tissue and local and distant spread of the tumor. Genetic information and references are provided for tumors investigated in more than a single case.
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