Abstract
Bone stress injuries (BSI) are a common overuse injury in active individuals. The injury is particularly common in athletes participating in land-based sports including running. The cause of BSI is often multifactorial from a combination of biological, biomechanical, and anatomical risk factors. Initial management includes off-loading the affected bone to eliminate pain and facilitate healing, addressing risk factors, and ensuring adequate nutrition, followed by gradual loading program and physical therapy. Injury prevention strategies include addressing deficits in running mechanics, optimizing nutrition and sleep, and early sports participation in sports that optimize bone health, including ball sports.
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