Bone-specific delivery and sustained release of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, via bisphosphonic prodrug based on the Osteotropic Drug Delivery System (ODDS)

Abstract

We have newly synthesized osteotropic diclofenac with bisphosphonic moiety (DIC-BP) based on the concept of Osteotropic Drug Delivery System (ODDS) and investigated its potency of site-specific and controlled delivery of diclofenac to the bone in rats. After intravenous injection into rats, DIC-BP was predominantly distributed in the skeleton. DIC-BP once incorporated in the bone was gradually eliminated ( t 1/2=9.7 days), releasing diclofenac into the bone compartment. As a result, the bone concentration of regenerated diclofenac was apparently constant over 28 days. Furthermore, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of DIC-BP compared with diclofenac (sodium salt) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. The mean effective doses (ED 50) were 0.55 mg/kg and 1.3 mg/kg for daily oral administration of diclofenac and weekly intravenous injection of DIC-BP, respectively. Considering the frequency of medication of 17 times for diclofenac and 4 times for DIC-BP in the experimental period, ED 50 was corrected to 9.4 and 5.2 mg/kg (per experimental period) for diclofenac and DIC-BP, respectively. Moreover, DIC-BP exhibited no side effects of gastrointestinal damage, typical of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, ODDS of diclofenac shows promise as an approach for highly potent and non-toxic therapy of diclofenac, with less frequent medication.