Abstract
The availability and application of medical implants has increased dramatically during the last two decades, and the broad variety of implants ranges from knee prostheses to heart valves, and from pacemakers to breast prostheses. With increased life expectancy, it is further believed that the application of implants will progressively increase. Implants are partially or totally placed into the body for prosthetic, therapeutic, diagnostic, cosmetic, or experimental purposes. Biomaterials play an important role in many of these implants. The required properties of a material used for an implant can be classified roughly under the categories of biocompatibility, implant construction, and biomechanics.11 Biocompatibility refers to the interfacial reactions between biomaterials and tissue. Implant construction involves the engineering of the implant as well as its mechanical properties, such as hardness and strength. Biomechanics is concerned with the mechanical-dynamic properties of an implant and surrounding tissues. This chapter focuses on the sectioning of biomaterials used for hard-tissue implantation.
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