Abstract
Bone Scintigraphy Scanning Safety and Necessity for Silent and Multifocal Osteonecrosis in Sickle Cell Disease
Highlights
Sickle cell disease is a congenital autosomal recessive disease
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the gold standard to diagnose osteonecrosis [32], but Bone scintigraphy (BSc) is less specific it is more sensitive than MRI [33]
If in local radiographs only MRI is applied to detect osteonecrosis, there will be a risk of underestimating the multifocal osteonecrosis since these patients has silent, painless lesions, where the osteonecrosis does not occur at the same time, and Medicine Scan Brain (PET) Brain Hepatobiliary Bone Lung Perfusion/Ventilation Kidney Kidney Tumor/Infection Heart Heart (Stress) Heart Heart Heart Various positron emission tomography (PET) Studies
Summary
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a congenital autosomal recessive disease characterized by structural abnormality in the beta-globin chain of the hemoglobin molecule. SCD mutation is a single base change (GAT → GTT) in the sixth codon of exon-1 of the beta globin gene on chromosome 11. According to this mutation, the normal glutamic acid is substituted with valine acid, resulting in the formation of hemoglobin (HbS). SCD is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia with numerous clinical consequences. It is a well-recognized cause of progressive osteonecrosis of the femoral and humeral heads, which causes potential disability [3,4]. The use of contrast dye could affect renal integrity and may lead to renal failure [9]
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