Bone response around titanium alloy implants in osteoporosis

Abstract

There has been a concerted effort among material scientists and clinicians worldwide to improve the performance of dental implants, with the aim of accelerating and maintaining their integration into hard and soft tissues and/or extend their range of application. The use of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of edentulous patients has become a common alternative to conventional prosthetic dentistry. The success of osseointegration depends in part on the state of the host bone and its healing capacity, and concerns have been raised about various conditions affecting its quality and quantity. Osteoporosis, which is a major health problem for the elderly population, is a reduction in the volume of bony tissue relative to the entire bone volume. The underlying clinical problem is a deficiency of bone mass. Because age and sex are reported to be important risk factors for osteoporosis, the rate of implant loss caused by the failure of osseointegration may also be expected to increase correspondingly. Thus, a large proportion of the target population for dental implants may be at high risk of implant failure. If so, the choice between conventional treatment and implant-supported prostheses in the prosthodontic treatment of older patients would need to be reassessed. For that reason, systems of dental care and plans for regenerative medicine need to be established based on an understanding of osteoporosis. Various experiments are being undertaken using osteoporotic models to obtain findings for that purpose. Effects such as delays in new bone formation in the maxilla and mandible and incomplete bone repair in the extraction socket in rat models with osteoporosis have been reported. In contrast, Mori et al. has reported that good osseointegration was obtained even in groups with decreased bone mineral content following ovariectomy. Shoji et al. reported that the effect of ovariectomy (OVX) on osteoprogenitors is either Bone response around titanium alloy implants in osteoporosis