Abstract
Uncalcined/unsintered hydroxyapatite and poly-l-lactide-co-glycolide (u-HA/PLLA/PGA) is a new bioresorbable nanomaterial with superior characteristics compared with current bioresorbable materials, including appropriate mechanical properties, outstanding bioactive/osteoconductive features, and remarkably shorter resorption time. Nevertheless, the bone regeneration characteristics of this nanomaterial have not been evaluated in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. In this study, we used a rat mandible model to assess the bone regeneration ability of u-HA/PLLA/PGA material, compared with uncalcined/unsintered hydroxyapatite and poly-l-lactide acid (u-HA/PLLA) material, which has demonstrated excellent bone regenerative ability. A 4-mm-diameter defect was created at the mandibular angle area in 28 Sprague Dawley male rats. The rats were divided into three groups: u-HA/PLLA/PGA (u-HA/PLLA/PGA graft + defect), u-HA/PLLA (u-HA/PLLA graft + defect), and sham control (defect alone). At 1, 3, 8, and 16 weeks after surgeries, the rats were sacrificed and assessed by micro-computed tomography, histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results confirmed that the accelerated bone bioactive/regenerative osteoconduction of u-HA/PLLA/PGA was comparable with that of u-HA/PLLA in the rat mandible model. Furthermore, this new regenerative nanomaterial was able to more rapidly induce bone formation in the early stage and had great potential for further clinical applications in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.
Highlights
Introduction affiliationsIn the late 20th century, bioresorbable polymers used to make bone fixation devices began to receive considerable attention in material research
We evaluated the bioactive/osteoconductive bone regeneration capacity and bioresorbability of u-HA/poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)/PGA in the maxillofacial bone, compared with uand bioresorbability of u-HA/PLLA/PGA in the maxillofacial bone, compared with uHA/PLLA materials, by implanting the materials to cover critical defects in rat mandibles
To assess the bone regeneration capacity of u-HA/PLLA/PGA, histomorphometry and micro-CT methods were used in this study
Summary
In the late 20th century, bioresorbable polymers used to make bone fixation devices began to receive considerable attention in material research. Compared with their titanium counterparts, bioresorbable polymeric devices have a few advantages, including no requirement for a removal operation, no bone growth restriction related to gradual reduction in mechanical strength, lower risk of osteoporosis caused by stress-shielding, no tissue reaction due to metallic corrosion, and no generation of artifacts on computed tomography [1]. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 22 the need to improve the degradation rates of polymers to reduce their persistence in the human body, and the need for bioactivity features (e.g., osteoconduction and bone-bonding ability). It is critical to develop a bioresorbable and bioactive material that can satisfy these requirements
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