Bone Morphogenetic Protein-, Antimicrobial Agent-, and Analgesic-Incorporated Nanofibrous Scaffolds for the Therapy of Alveolar Clefts.

Pang-Yun Chou,Chien-Tun Liao,Shih-Jung Liu,Demei Lee,Ren-Chin Wu,Chi-Chang Weng

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14020374

Pang-Yun Chou, Chien-Tun Liao + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020374

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Abstract

An alveolar cleft is a bone defect in the maxillary arch. Although the use of autologous iliac bone grafts to repair alveolar clefts is the preferred treatment method, donor-site morbidity remains a concern. In this study, we incorporated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), an antimicrobial agent, and an analgesic into nanofibrous scaffolds for alveolar cleft therapy. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and coaxial electrospinning techniques were used to fabricate the scaffolds. BMP-2, ketorolac, and amoxicillin were used as the growth factor, analgesic, and antimicrobial agent, respectively. The in vitro properties of the nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized, and in vivo efficacy was evaluated in a rat alveolar-cleft model. The empirical data indicated that the biomolecule-incorporated scaffolds offered extended discharge of BMP-2, amoxicillin, and ketorolac for >4 weeks. The animal test outcomes also demonstrated favorable bone healing at the cleft site. Biomolecule- and drug-incorporated nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrated their efficacy in alveolar cleft treatment.

Highlights

An alveolar cleft is a congenital craniofacial defect connecting the oral and nasal cavities
For patients with failed bone grafting or patients with a bilateral alveolar cleft, the alternative treatment wherein optimal bone grafting material is used for alveolar cleft reconstruction should be considered when the volume of cancellous bone grafts is limited or not adequate for the procedure
Printing.DrugDrugand growthPLAscaffolds scaffoldswere were successfully successfully fabricated and growth-facfactor-loaded nanofibrous membranes were satisfactorily manufactured through tor-loaded nanofibrous membranes were satisfactorily manufactured through thethe coco-electrospinning technique

Summary

Introduction

An alveolar cleft is a congenital craniofacial defect connecting the oral and nasal cavities. The reconstruction of alveolar clefts demands closure of the oronasal fistula, bone graft implantation for the maxillary deficit, and the restoration of the alignment of the upper gingival and palatal mucosa [1]. The optimal time for alveolar cleft repair is at primary school age, when the patient’s permanent teeth are beginning to erupt [2]. Autologous iliac bone graft remains the most practical material to facilitate maxillary bone development for tooth eruption [3,4]. Functional biomaterials are developed to restore, maintain, improve, or replace defective organs and tissues [5]. In addition to enabling structural imitation to improve recovery and regeneration, tissue engineering requires the integration of biomaterials, biochemical, and physicochemical factors to implement ideal scaffolds [6,7]

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