Abstract
SummaryThe aim of the study was to assess the associations of bone mineral density and bone mass with physical activity levels, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and body composition in young women and men. Physical activity has the most significant effect on bone status especially in men.PurposeThe aim of the study was to assess the associations of bone mineral density and bone mass with physical activity levels, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and body composition in young women and men.MethodsOne hundred subjects aged 19–24 years were included. Bone mineral density (BMD) in distal and proximal parts was evaluated by forearm densitometry. Body composition was analysed with the use of JAWON-Medical-x-scan. The following biochemical indicators were analysed: 25(OH) D and 1,25(OH)2D, magnesium, phosphorus, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Physical activity levels were assessed by interview.ResultsSignificant correlations between BMD and physical activity, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage were revealed in men. Among women, considerably weaker correlations of BMD with body composition and physical activity were noted than in men. BMD in the distal part correlated only with lean body mass, soft lean mass and body fat percentage. The strongest relationship between physical activity and bone mineral status parameters was noted for BMD in men. In women, physical activity did not affect BMD.ConclusionsPhysical activity has the most significant effect on bone status especially in men.
Highlights
The state of bone tissue as well as an excessive loss of bone mass diagnosed in young people more and more often constitutes a significant public health problem
Proper nutrition with particular consideration of calcium, protein, phosphorus and magnesium intake as well as appropriate sun exposure ensuring endogenous synthesis of vitamin D exerts a huge influence on the correct bone development [2, 3]
It was revealed that 1,25(OH)2D directly and indirectly affects proteins which are crucial for osseous metabolism and controls their synthesis at every stage of osteoblast differentiation and bone remodelling [4, 5]
Summary
The state of bone tissue as well as an excessive loss of bone mass diagnosed in young people more and more often constitutes a significant public health problem. Proper nutrition with particular consideration of calcium, protein, phosphorus and magnesium intake as well as appropriate sun exposure ensuring endogenous synthesis of vitamin D exerts a huge influence on the correct bone development [2, 3]. Serum 25(OH) D concentration constitutes an indicator of vitamin D level in the body. Active vitamin D metabolite, i.e. 1,25(OH)2D, is one of the main factors regulating metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. It was revealed that 1,25(OH)2D directly and indirectly affects proteins which are crucial for osseous metabolism and controls their synthesis at every stage of osteoblast differentiation and bone remodelling [4, 5]. An optimal level of vitamin D is important for good health and marking its active metabolites in serum reflects its supply from diet and photosynthesis in the skin.
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