Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women of different age groups with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The aim – assessment of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women of different age groups with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), depending on the duration of T2DM and type of anti diabetic therapy.Materials and methods. Bone mineral density (BMD) was studied in 38 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (mean age – (64,36±1,95) years, mean duration of diabetes – (10,68±1,88) years, mean glycated hemoglobin level of 9,02±0,29 (%)). In the control group 27 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age – (59,62±2,59) years were examined. Bone mineral density was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray Absorbtiometry (DEXA).Results and discussion. It was revealed that in the group of women with type 2 diabetes with increase in age the proportion of women with osteopenic syndrome only in the L1–L4 region of the spine increased (age ≤60 years – 30,8±12,8 (%) v/s age >60 years – 48,0±9,9 (%), P<0,001). It is shown that with duration of diabetes more than 10 years there is a significant increase in the proportion of women with osteopenic syndrome at the level of the femur (the duration ≤10 years – 33,3±10,5 (%) vs duration >10 years – 50,0±12,5 (%), P<0,01). We found a significant increase in osteopenic syndrome at the level of the femur in women which received insulin therapy as compared with women treated with oral anti diabetic medication (OHA) (insulin therapy – 66,7±5,7 (%) vs OHA – 55,5±10,8 (%), P<0,05). It shows the necessity of further in-depth studies to determine the effect of diabetes on bone mineral density while treating with modern anti diabetic drugs.Conclusions. In postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and aged ≤60 years and duration of diabetes > 10 years the lowest value of bone mineral density was at the hip level. OHA are recommended to improve femur bone mineral density and to reduce the fragility of the lumbar vertebrae – insulin or OHA are recommended.