Abstract
BackgroundFat grafting is one of the most common soft tissue filling methods in plastic surgery. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation is an effective method for improving graft retention. However, the role of BM-MSCs in fat transplantation is not completely clear.MethodsHuman fat particles, together with BM-MSCs or PBS as a control, were subcutaneously transplanted into the backs of nude mice. Samples were taken on days 14, 30 and 90 post-grafting to calculate the fat graft retention rate, and tissue staining was evaluated. Furthermore, macrophages were treated with BM-MSC conditioned medium (BM-MSC-CM) to identify the beneficial component secreted by these stem cells.ResultsIn this study, we found that BM-MSCs improved retention by enhancing angiogenesis in fat grafting. Further analysis revealed that BM-MSCs could significantly inhibit the expression of the proinflammatory M1 macrophage markers interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in the early stages of fat grafting and promote the expression of the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage markers Arg1, IL-10 and VEGF. Furthermore, our results showed that IL-10 secreted by BM-MSCs induced M2 macrophage polarization in vitro.ConclusionsBM-MSC transplantation can improve the fat retention rate and promote angiogenesis, which may be related to M2 macrophages. These results help elucidate the role of BM-MSCs in fat grafting.
Highlights
Fat grafting is increasingly being used in the treatment of soft tissue defects and reconstructive surgery [1, 2]
BM‐Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increase the retention rate of fat graft We previously reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) isolated from rabbits had a positive effect on fat grafts
To confirm whether BM-MSCs isolated from mice are as effective as rabbit BM-MSCs in fat grafts, Coleman fat mixed with either Phosphate- buffered saline (PBS) or BM-MSCs was transplanted subcutaneously into the left and right sides of nude mice
Summary
Fat grafting is increasingly being used in the treatment of soft tissue defects and reconstructive surgery [1, 2]. Macrophages are important innate immune cells in the human body and play an important role in fat tissue biology [9]. M1 macrophages exert proinflammatory activity by producing proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, while M2 macrophages have anti-inflammatory/regenerative abilities, demonstrated by the secretion of interleukin (IL)-10 or TGF-β [11]. These cytokines help to resolve inflammation and facilitate tissue remodelling. Increasing the number or proportion of M2 macrophages in the recipient area is an attractive treatment strategy to increase the retention rate of fat grafts. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation is an effective method for improving graft retention. The role of BM-MSCs in fat transplantation is not completely clear
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