Bone Marrow-Derived Cells and Wound Age Estimation.

Yuko Ishida,Toshikazu Kondo,Mizuho Nosaka

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.822572

Abstract

Appropriate technology as well as specific target cells and molecules are key factors for determination of wound vitality or wound age in forensic practice. Wound examination is one of the most important tasks for forensic pathologists and is indispensable to distinguish antemortem wounds from postmortem damage. For vital wounds, estimating the age of the wound is also essential in determining how the wound is associated with the cause of death. We investigated bone marrow-derived cells as promising markers and their potential usefulness in forensic applications. Although examination of a single marker cannot provide high reliability and objectivity in estimating wound age, evaluating the appearance combination of bone marrow-derived cells and the other markers may allow for a more objective and accurate estimation of wound age.

Highlights

Wound healing is a dynamic process in which numerous cells and extracellular matrix structures are involved
In human wound specimens with wound ages of >7 days, granulation tissue and angiogenesis were observed with the migration of VEGF+ macrophages [79]
The effects of CCL2 may be mediated by Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) and macrophages, which are critically involved in angiogenesis and collagen production, respectively, and their effects on steps essential to the wound healing process

Summary

Introduction

Wound healing is a dynamic process in which numerous cells and extracellular matrix structures are involved. Macrophages regulate the activity of other wound cells through the production and release of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Immunohistochemical studies on the time-dependent expression of chemokines in human skin wounds have shown that inflammatory macrophages are positive for anti-CCL2 antibodies; a positive rate of > 30% for CCL2 indicates a wound age of at least 1 day [8].

Results

Conclusion