Abstract
In recent years, adipose tissue has attracted a lot of attention. It is not only an energy reservoir but also plays important immune, paracrine and endocrine roles. BMAT (bone marrow adipose tissue) is a heterogeneous tissue, found mostly in the medullary canal of the long bones (tibia, femur and humerus), in the vertebrae and iliac crest. Adipogenesis in bone marrow cavities is a consequence of ageing or may accompany pathologies like diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM), T2DM, anorexia nervosa, oestrogen and growth hormone deficiencies or impaired haematopoiesis and osteoporosis. This paper focuses on studies concerning BMAT and its physiology in dietary interventions, like obesity in humans and high fat diet in rodent studies; and opposite: anorexia nervosa and calorie restriction in animal models.
Highlights
In recent years, adipose tissue has attracted a lot of attention
A similar observation comes from experiments on mice.In a model of T2DM and mice fed a high fat diet (HFD), there was a significant increase in BMAT in both [77]
The proper amount of BMAT is required for bone health and an increase in marrow adiposity negatively influences bone quality
Summary
Adipose tissue has attracted a lot of attention It is an energy reservoir and plays important immune, paracrine and endocrine roles [1,2]. Since the mid-1990s, a third important adipose tissue has received increasing attention—the marrow fat (bone marrow adipose tissue—BMAT). This fattissue was considered a space filler of the bone marrow (BM) with an unknown origin or function. With further in-depth research, as well as the employment of novel experimental techniques such as lineage tracing, it is acknowledged that BMAT originates from skeletal lineages, maintaining bone marrow homeostasis and influencing whole-body energy metabolism [3,4]. Adipogenesis in bone marrow cavities is a consequence of ageing or may accompany pathologies like diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM), T2DM, anorexia nervosa, oestrogen and growth hormone deficiencies or impaired haematopoiesis and osteoporosis
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