Bone-like ceramic scaffolds designed with bioinspired porosity induce a different stem cell response

Silvia Panseri,Anna Tampieri,Eamonn De Barra,Monica Montesi,Samuele M Dozio,Anne Leriche,Dominique Hautcoeur,Shaan Chamary

doi:10.1007/s10856-020-06486-3

Abstract

Biomaterial science increasingly seeks more biomimetic scaffolds that functionally augment the native bone tissue. In this paper, a new concept of a structural scaffold design is presented where the physiological multi-scale architecture is fully incorporated in a single-scaffold solution. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds with different bioinspired porosity, mimicking the spongy and cortical bone tissue, were studied. In vitro experiments, looking at the mesenchymal stem cells behaviour, were conducted in a perfusion bioreactor that mimics the physiological conditions in terms of interstitial fluid flow and associated induced shear stress. All the biomaterials enhanced cell adhesion and cell viability. Cortical bone scaffolds, with an aligned architecture, induced an overexpression of several late stage genes involved in the process of osteogenic differentiation compared to the spongy bone scaffolds. This study reveals the exciting prospect of bioinspired porous designed ceramic scaffolds that combines both cortical and cancellous bone in a single ceramic bone graft. It is prospected that dual core shell scaffold could significantly modulate osteogenic processes, once implanted in patients, rapidly forming mature bone tissue at the tissue interface, followed by subsequent bone maturation in the inner spongy structure.

Highlights

Human bone includes a heterogeneous combination of strong, stiff cortical bone with a functional, low modulus cancellous core [1]
The pore size of Spongy scaffold (SS) has been evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph analysis at a value of about 350 ± 50 μm with an interconnection of 105 ± 15 μm, for both HA and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)
The chemical composition almost identical to that of the mineral phase of bone and the bioinspired porosity confer to these scaffolds an excellent biomimetic property that was analysed in vitro looking at human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) behaviour once seeded in direct contact with the specimens. hADSCs were used since they are a very promising source of autologous stem cells that could certainly be employed in tissue engineering to boost the bone regeneration [56]

Summary

Introduction

Human bone includes a heterogeneous combination of strong, stiff cortical bone with a functional, low modulus cancellous core [1]. It has a certain capability for regeneration and self-repair, large segmental bone defects caused by trauma, cancer surgical removal, or congenital disorders can only be repaired by bone grafting [2, 3]. The multiple interactions between material and host provide local adequate conditions for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation [10, 12,13,14]

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Discussion

Conclusion